ISSN Online: 2177-1235 | ISSN Print: 1983-5175
Ear lobe rejuvenation: technical description and indications
Rejuvenescimento de lóbulo de orelha: descrição da técnica e indicações
Ideas and Innovation -
Year2013 -
Volume28 -
Issue
2
Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha Colombo1; Paulo Magno Santos Guimarães1; Ivan Araújo Motta1; Marco Túlio Rodrigues da Cunha2; Manoel Pereira Silva Neto3
ABSTRACT
The earlobe occupies a unique position among the structures of the face and is a very important region in aesthetic composition of the ear. The age alters the shape, width and length of the lobe due to sagging tissue and thus is at odds ratio with other aesthetic elements of the ear, requiring correction. Very little has been described to guide the surgeon in rejuvenating the ear. The correction aged lobe can be made alone or in combination with surgery of facial rejuvenation, as well as by secondary lobe rhytidoplasties inadequately secured to the face. The surgery is fairly simple, rapid recovery, with interesting results. The basic aim of the work is the description of the technique and its indications. The strategic positioning of the final scar in continuity with a depression anatomical ear that is escafa, and hidden by antitragus ensures a proper outcome, with little apparent scars. The technique described is a tactical option to reshape and rejuvenate the ear.
Keywords:
Ear/surgery. Rejuvenation. Rhytidoplasty.
RESUMO
O lóbulo de orelha ocupa posição única entre as estruturas da face e é uma região importantíssima na composição estética da orelha. A idade altera o formato, a largura e o comprimento do lóbulo, em decorrência da flacidez dos tecidos e, assim, fica em desarmonia de proporção com outros elementos estéticos da orelha, exigindo correção. Muito pouco tem sido descrito para orientar o cirurgião no rejuvenescimento da orelha. A correção do lóbulo envelhecido pode ser feita isoladamente ou em combinação com uma cirurgia de rejuvenescimento facial, bem como em ritidoplastias secundárias por lóbulo inadequadamente preso à face. A cirurgia é bastante simples, de recuperação rápida, com resultados interessantes. O objetivo básico do trabalho consiste na descrição da técnica de rejuvenescimento do lóbulo da orelha e suas indicações. O posicionamento estratégico da cicatriz final em continuidade com uma depressão anatômica da orelha, que é a escafa, e ocultada pelo antitrágus garante resultado final adequado, com cicatrizes pouco aparentes. A técnica descrita representa uma opção tática para reformular e rejuvenescer a orelha.
Palavras-chave:
Orelha/cirurgia. Rejuvenescimento. Ritidoplastia.
INTRODUCTION
The human ear is a defining characteristic of the face. Their structures subtle transmit signals age and sex, which are unmistakable, however, not easily defined.
The external ear is formed from a sheet of elastic cartilage of irregular shape, covered by a thin layer of skin. It has several depressions and elevations, the shell being the greatest depression. The high margin of the ear is called a helix, and located just below the helix is escafa the scaphoid or pit, which is a long depression that lies below the propeller. Escafa below, is called an elevation antihelix, which ends forked into two branches, one cavity lying between them, called the fossa navicularis or triangular. The lobe is a small portion of soft tissue which is in the lower flag. The earlobe is a small prominence, known in anatomy as wolves (diminutive "lobe"). Located at the upper lobe, are the tragus and antitrago, the first located in the opening of the external auditory canal and the second, just above the lobe.
The earlobe occupies a unique position among the structures of the face and is important due to the secular tradition of the use of ornaments and jewelry on this site. The practice of piercing the earlobe date from ancient times, and, depending on the culture, may have occurred even as a social obligation. The Latin American societies are routinely used in earrings newborn female to differentiate the male. In Ivan and Kayan tribes in Africa, the lobes were adorned with large and heavy earrings, causing an increase of the hole and stretching of the lobe. The earlobe is a very important region in aesthetic composition of the ear. The age alters the shape, width and length of the lobe due to sagging tissue and thus is at odds ratio with other aesthetic elements of the ear, requiring correction. As we get older, the loose portions of the ear increase in size. The earlobes can also "deflate", and this results in an increase in wrinkles and creases. As in other parts of the face, the skin of the earlobe is susceptible to sun damage, contributing to wrinkling of the ear.
The anatomy of the external ear was detailed by many authors as Brent1-3 and others, who thoroughly described the shape of the outer ear and appropriate ways to rebuild it. Very little has been reported, however, to guide the surgeon in rejuvenating the ear. Tolleth4 in 1978 published a paper that describes the proportion of the normal ear. He described the position of the ear, as well as its various forms. Your article gives general proportions as surgical guides, however, its derivation is based on the author's artistic perception. Sullivan in 2010, in turn, described the aesthetic proportions of the human ear based on cross-sectional data, showing aesthetic and anatomical differences between men and women, as well as changes in the morphology of the ear with age. The ear transmits information both about the age and gender and other characteristics that define the face. It should be treated as such by the plastic surgeon to the desired ideal facial rejuvenation, besides not masculinize or feminize inappropriately. With the appropriate data, we hope to better define the approach to rejuvenation of the ear.
Although the guidelines for the size and orientation of the ear have been studied, minimal attention has been directed to the earlobe. The height of the lobe covers approximately 25% of the length of the ear, and is defined by the distance of the groove subauricular antitragus, and can vary between 1.5 and 2.0 cm. The earlobe ptosis is a condition which alone contributes to facial aging. In 1972, Loeb5 acknowledged the need to reduce lobe, as an addition to rhytidectomy. Most techniques involve facelift incisions and post-auricular incision connected by a infralobular (perilobular). It is important to pay attention to appearance preoperative earlobe and not distort the lobe postoperatively. Distortion or malposition of the earlobe is a noticeable and unpleasant complication of a facelift badly executed. To avoid improper positioning of the ear lobe, care must be taken when the incision is designed and made, the skin is dry, and the skin and deep tissues repaired. Regardless of the dissection plane and vector lifting, deep retention sutures should be placed to minimize wound tension and avoid distortions earlobe.
When planning a facelift is important to take into account length, width and shape of the earlobe. Older techniques relied heavily traction of the skin to achieve a high adequate tissue. But the skin has a tendency to stretch to accommodate the tension, over time the earlobe is pulled down toward the angle of the jaw. Due to stretching, the loose portion of the ear lobe, then becomes bound to the face. This is known as a deformity type "devil's ear" (pixie earlobe), since it seems too long and pointy. Therefore, one should avoid placing tension on the earlobe through deep sutures to support the earlobe.
The correction aged lobe can be made alone or in combination with surgery of facial rejuvenation, as well as by secondary lobe rhytidoplasties inadequately secured to the face. Scars are strategically positioned and, thanks to that become less apparent. The rejuvenation surgery lobe is quite simple, extremely fast recovery, with very interesting results.
The purpose of this work is to methodize the technique for rejuvenating the earlobe, with the aim of to facilitate the technique for contralateral symmetrization and methods reproducibility.
METHODS
Initially a preoperative assessment of patients candidates to surgery earlobe rejuvenation was performed, on an outpatient basis. Patients with complaints of atrophy, wrinkling and stretching the earlobe were enrolled. Often the complaint is based on the earring hole widened, with unsatisfactory positioning of adornment, lower than desired. However in some cases of patients with older age, there is not necessarily increase the hole but sagging earlobe, which under traction and weight of the earring hole stretches and assumes a vertical contour simulating a widening hole or lobule bifid incomplete (Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Appearance ear lobe with atrophy and sagging, showing earring hole with vertical aspect.
In other cases, there is no specific complaint ear, but a complete facial aging with static and dynamic rhytids and laxity affecting the face and neck, and the patient has evaluated indication facelift, and can be conducted in association rejuvenation of lobe if necessary by physical examination and aesthetic benefit to the procedure.
In a third situation, there were patients in postoperative rhytidectomy, with sequels stigmatizing lobe arrested or pulled with deformity "ear of the devil". These patients also benefit from the reduction and repositioning of the lobe to be described as technical. Provides a size and contour of the ear more pleasant and jovial.
Thus, the earlobe rejuvenation represented a tactical option with three nominations:
surgery to correct isolated sagging and aging lobe, which may or may not be associated with enlarged earring hole;surgery combined to primary rhytidectomy as adjunct treatment in cervico-facial aesthetic improvement;surgery to correct a sequel lobes tensile post-facelift, secondary approach.
After accurate surgical indication, patient's consent and preoperative tests suitable part to the implementation of the procedure itself, in any of the situations listed above.
In isolated procedures, local anesthesia was performedon an outpatient basis, because it is a procedure of low complexity and fast. However, if associated with lifting cervico-facial anesthesia of choice is usually.
The utilezed technique to recast the ear begins with the preoperative marking. We determined the insertion point A in the face of the lobe, point B is established from a transverse line followed by the point A to maintain a pedicle 0.5 to 0.8 cm residual thickness of the free edge of the ear. And finally the point C is defined from an angle variable section circumference of 15º to 90º, this extension determined as the excess skin (Figures 2 and 3). The main incision is located in transverse position on the lobe, continuing to escafa below the anti-tragus, the line of deployment of the ear on the face. Delimits a triangle in varying proportions as shown excess skin in each case. In the demarcated area is resected in total plan, wedge, covering skin and subcutaneous tissue of the lobe (Figures 4 and 5). The caudal lobe projection is excised. Frequently, the earring hole, extended or not, is encompassed in the resected area, later to be made a new hole. Do not let the amount of dry skin necessary at the expense of preserving the previous hole, as it is correcting the laxity which ensures satisfactory final result. Consequently there is a reduction and repositioning of the lobe.
Figure 2 - Scheme of the preoperative marking.
Figure 3 - Preoperative marking of the skin excess in earlobe.
Figure 4 - Intraoperative aspect of wedge resection on overall plan of the excess of the lobe.
Figure 5 - View the resected specimen.
After hemostasis and resection is performed posterior suture the edges of bloodshed, respecting the insertion of the ear on the face. The suture is performed with simple points on the anterior and posterior lobe with nylon 6.0 suture (Figure 6).
Figure 6 - Immediate postoperative appearance, indicating restoration of the form, contour and size of the lobe.
Immediately dressing is made with microporous tape, and the stitches are removed between 7 to 10 days.
RESULTS
The strategic positioning of the final scar in continuity with a depression anatomical ear that is escafa, and hidden by antitragus ensures a proper outcome, with little apparent scars. The restoration of the shape, size and contour of the lobe of the ear translates the joviality, and consequently the face with aesthetic benefit and patient satisfaction.
The results were considered satisfactory by both the medical team, as the patients, subjectively.
No complications such as dehiscence points, wound infection, cicatricial changes like widening scar, hypertrophic, keloid or poor scar positioning.
This technique has been used in a number of cases not yet quantified.
DISCUSSION
McKinney et al.6, in 1993, specifically addressed the treatment of ear in rhytidectomy and found no significant correlation between the height of the earlobe and aging. No difference in the size of the lobe between men and women was reported. Although the total size of the ear is greater in men, the height and width of the earlobe remain almost identical to women. This suggests that increasing the height of the ear with age is not entirely due to the effect of weight of earrings. Stretching the earlobe is most probably an inevitable result of aging (Figure 7).
Figure 7 - In A and B, preoperative appearance of secondary rhytidectomy associated with rejuvenation of the earlobe, pulled aspect of the lobe, respectively, in right oblique position and left profile. In C and D, 30 days postoperative appearance of secondary rhytidectomy and rejuvenation of the lobe, showing little apparent auricular scar, respectively, in right oblique position and left profile.
Many authors have discussed the importance of proper positioning of the earlobe in rhytidectomy7-12. Considerations such as the morphology of the ear, tension and scar contraction should be taken into account to ensure an acceptable outcome13,14. Several authors have recommended specific parameters for insertion of the earlobe during rhytidectomy. Its application in various clinical situations, however, can often be very subjective. The natural tendency is to migrate caudally with previous and wound contraction. With proper positioning, however, the final position of the lobe should remain in the main axis of the ear.
While recognizing that the condition of a woman's hands and neck may reveal his true age, few people know that the appearance of our ears is another telltale sign. Like other parts of the body, because they change the natural process of aging and constant exposure to the sun. As the amount of collagen decreases and the elasticity of the skin, ears often become elongated, thin and flabby with wrinkle on the surface. Women who use heavy earrings are at particular risk because the weight of ear jewelery inevitably pulling down and causes the skin to become weaker and stretched. Through a simple procedure can permanently reverse the problem, called "the earlobe rejuvenation." The procedure is simple and quick when performed alone. Incision is made in a hidden area near the insertion of ear flush , and removed a small amount of tissue and skin.
In aesthetic ear reshaping the ultimate goal is to achieve a more youthful appearance. The ear lobe of a young man possesses on average 1.8 cm long and 2 cm wide at its midpoint. In general, the earlobe is gently curved in distal extension of the helix toward the base of the lobe. Following these anatomical principles becomes easier to reach the end result.
It is important to note the relationship between the morphology of the earlobe with advancing age, and the notion that elongated ears are an undesirable result of aging. The standard lobe clearly changes from a short, wide frame in which youth for a long and narrow in old age. There are, however, many individuals who have large ears as one of their individual characteristics. When these ears become even greater with the aging problem arises much more visible.
CONCLUSIONS
The described technique of earlobe rejuvenation is a tactical option to reshape and rejuvenate the ear, with indications for correction of sagging and aging lobe, with or without rhytidectomy, as well as for correction of the sequel of lobes under traction. It consists of a reproducible, easy and fast option, with inconspicuous scar.
REFERENCES
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8. Connell BF, Martin TJ. Facial rejuvenation: facelift. In: Cohen M, ed. Mastery of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1994. p. 1873-902.
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10. Lassus C. Another technique for the reduction of the earlobe. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1982;6(1):43-5.
11. Tipton JB. A simple technique for reduction of the earlobe. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;66(4):630-2.
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13. Farkas LG. Anthropometry of the normal and defective ear. Clin Plast Surg. 1990;17(2):213-21.
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1. Resident Physician of Plastic Surgery at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro - UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
2. Plastic surgeon, full member of the Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurga Plástica (Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery - SBCP), head of the Department of Plastic Surgery at UFTM, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
3. Plastic surgeon, member of the SBCP, professor in the Department of Plastic Surgery at UFTM, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
Correspondence to:
Luciana Rodrigues da Cunha Colombo
Travessa Coronel José Ferreira, 200 - ap. 11 - Jardim Alexandre Campos
Uberaba, MG, Brazil - CEP 38010-320
E-mail: lu.colombo@bol.com.br
Submitted to SGP (Sistema de Gestão de Publicações/Manager Publications System) of RBCP (Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica/Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery).
Article received: March 30, 2013
Article accepted: May 19, 2013
This study was performed at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro), Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
All scientific articles published at www.rbcp.org.br are licensed under a Creative Commons license
